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  • Home
  • About
  • Podcast
    • Summaries
    • Articles
  • Invoice Finance
    • Basics
      • What is Invoice Finance?
      • What is Reverse Factoring?
      • What are Trade Receivables?
      • What is the Cash Conversion Cycle?
      • What is Days Inventory Outstanding?
      • What is Days Sales Outstanding?
      • What is Days Payable Outstanding?
    • Advanced
      • Invoice Validation and Fraud Detection
      • Reasons Why Invoice Finance is Better than a Bank Loan
      • How to Choose the Right Factoring Firm for Your Business
      • A Closer Look at Factoring Agreements
      • What is Trade Receivables Securitisation?
      • Breakdown of the Costs for Factoring
    • Factoring
      • Why Companies Use Invoice Factoring
      • What Companies are Suitable for Invoice Factoring?
      • Factoring and Invoice Discounting
      • How Factoring Works
      • Asset Based Lending
      • Is Factoring Right for Your Company?
      • Accounting for Factoring
      • How a Company Enters into a Factoring Agreement
      • The Costs Involved in Factoring
      • Changing Factoring Company
      • The Relationship Between the Factoring Company and the Debtor
      • Legal Aspects of a Factoring Company Pursuing Payment Through the Courts
      • Factoring in the Construction Industry
    • Fraud
      • Types of Invoice Fraud
      • How to Combat Invoice Fraud
    • E-Invoicing
      • Legal Status of Electronic Invoicing
      • The Benefits of E-Invoicing
      • Implementing an E-Invoice System
      • E-Invoicing Adoption in Mexico and The Rest of the World
  • Brokers
    • UK Brokerage Firms
  • Factoring Firms
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      • Spain
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      • Transforming Trade Finance: The Role of AI
      • The Different Programming Languages Used in Fintech Companies and Financial Institutions
      • UK and US Authorities Intervene in AI Sector
      • Web3 Applications and the Future of Trade Finance
      • What is Web 3?
      • What Can Fintech do for You?
      • What is Fintech?
      • Tokenisation of Finance
      • Payment Services in the Invoice Finance Sector
      • What is ChatGPT and Why the Fuss?
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    • Deal Arrangers
    • Book Runners
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      • The Roles of Deal Arrangers and Book Runners in Securitization
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      • The Appeal of Trade Receivables Securitisation
      • Risk Mitigation for Trade Receivables Securitisation
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      • The Challenges of KYC and AML Checks
      • What is The Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records (MLETR)?
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      • How are UK Factoring Firms Regulated?
      • What is ISO20022 and Why is it Important?
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      • Credit Suisse Bailout
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Home Invoice Factoring Factoring

Accounting for Factoring

John Goodden by John Goodden
January 4, 2023
in Factoring, Invoice Factoring
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Download file | Play in new window | Duration: 3:02 | Recorded on December 7, 2022

With both recourse and non-recourse factoring an unpaid invoice, if it qualifies for factoring, is bought from a company and transferred into the account of the factoring firm. This involves a system of accounting which might be new to an accountant. This article will explore the rubric for accounting under the factoring system.

The first essential thing to note is that traditionally when an unpaid invoice or trade receivable is cleared for factoring it was moved off the balance sheet of the company who originally raised the invoice and moved onto the balance sheet of the factoring facility. What would remain on the company’s balance sheet would be a debt owed by the factoring firm for the unpaid balance. The unpaid balance is the difference between the prepayment sum and the actual sum noted on the invoice minus factoring fees.

Due to this outstanding sum remaining until the debtor pays the invoice, accountants have recognised that their client retains a significant interest in the invoice undergoing factoring. Not least because until an invoice reaches maturity and is paid off by the debtor there is a discount charge accruing which needs to be paid by the company to its factoring provider. Moreover, there could be an issue with the invoice – the debtor could query a delivery or claim a breach of warranty. In the case of recourse factoring, if there is a non-payment of a due invoice then the factoring company will utilise its ability to reject an invoice and demand a refund of its prepayment. And at the termination of a factoring facility a company will be contractually obliged to repurchase all its invoices. Thus, modern accounting for factoring requires complex systems to take all this into consideration.

Financial Reporting Systems

The Financial Reporting Council sets out in Financial Reporting Standard 5 (FRS 5) the current principles on which standards are based.  The council has also set out a framework of codes and standards for accounting, actuarial and auditing processes to be used in factoring arrangements. These standards are designed to reflect the commercial effect of an unpaid invoice, not just its legal status – the company might not own the unpaid invoice, but it continues to be of commercial interest to a company until the debt is paid in full.

Thus, the first principle of accounting in factoring is that a company must retain an invoice on its balance sheet while there remains a pecuniary interest in the invoice such as an unpaid balance or the possibility the factoring firm will use recourse to remove itself from responsibility for the collection of the debt. In this situation of a continued interest in an unpaid invoice the company must keep the full value of the invoice on its balance sheet. Prepayment for the invoice should be shown as a liability or as a deduction from the value of the asset.

In Summary

It has been traditionally thought that since a factoring firm buys unpaid invoices from its client that the sum of the debt would transfer from the balance sheet of a company to the balance sheet of the factoring company. However, due to the contractual arrangements in factoring (even non-recourse factoring) such a transfer does not reflect commercial reality in the sense that a company still retains an interest in the unpaid invoice. For this reason, a more complex form of accounting is necessary for factoring.

Tags: accounting for factoringFinancial Reporting CouncilFinancial Reporting Standard 5non-recourse factoring
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  • Home
  • About
  • Podcast
    • Summaries
    • Articles
  • Invoice Finance
    • Basics
      • What is Invoice Finance?
      • What is Reverse Factoring?
      • What are Trade Receivables?
      • What is the Cash Conversion Cycle?
      • What is Days Inventory Outstanding?
      • What is Days Sales Outstanding?
      • What is Days Payable Outstanding?
    • Advanced
      • Invoice Validation and Fraud Detection
      • Reasons Why Invoice Finance is Better than a Bank Loan
      • How to Choose the Right Factoring Firm for Your Business
      • A Closer Look at Factoring Agreements
      • What is Trade Receivables Securitisation?
      • Breakdown of the Costs for Factoring
    • Factoring
      • Why Companies Use Invoice Factoring
      • What Companies are Suitable for Invoice Factoring?
      • Factoring and Invoice Discounting
      • How Factoring Works
      • Asset Based Lending
      • Is Factoring Right for Your Company?
      • Accounting for Factoring
      • How a Company Enters into a Factoring Agreement
      • The Costs Involved in Factoring
      • Changing Factoring Company
      • The Relationship Between the Factoring Company and the Debtor
      • Legal Aspects of a Factoring Company Pursuing Payment Through the Courts
      • Factoring in the Construction Industry
    • Fraud
      • Types of Invoice Fraud
      • How to Combat Invoice Fraud
    • E-Invoicing
      • Legal Status of Electronic Invoicing
      • The Benefits of E-Invoicing
      • Implementing an E-Invoice System
      • E-Invoicing Adoption in Mexico and The Rest of the World
  • Brokers
    • UK Brokerage Firms
  • Factoring Firms
    • Europe
      • UK
      • France
      • Germany
      • Italy
      • Spain
      • Holland
    • North America
      • USA
      • Canada
    • Australasia
      • Australia
      • New Zealand
  • Hi-Tech
    • Digital Platform/IT/Software Providers
    • UK Fintech
    • Articles
      • Enhancing Fintech Interoperability: Digitalizing Trade Documents for Efficiency and Security
      • The 7 Types of AI and Their Implications for the Future
      • Transforming Trade Finance: The Role of AI
      • The Different Programming Languages Used in Fintech Companies and Financial Institutions
      • UK and US Authorities Intervene in AI Sector
      • Web3 Applications and the Future of Trade Finance
      • What is Web 3?
      • What Can Fintech do for You?
      • What is Fintech?
      • Tokenisation of Finance
      • Payment Services in the Invoice Finance Sector
      • What is ChatGPT and Why the Fuss?
  • Rating Agencies
  • Securitisation
    • Deal Arrangers
    • Book Runners
    • Articles
      • The Roles of Deal Arrangers and Book Runners in Securitization
      • What is Trade Receivables Securitisation?
      • The Appeal of Trade Receivables Securitisation
      • Risk Mitigation for Trade Receivables Securitisation
  • Legal
    • Law Firms
    • Articles
      • A Guide to Accounts Receivable Purchase Agreements and Invoice Discounting Agreements
      • The Challenges of KYC and AML Checks
      • What is The Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records (MLETR)?
      • Snapshot of Factoring Legal Schemes in England and Wales
      • How are UK Factoring Firms Regulated?
      • What is ISO20022 and Why is it Important?
  • Rates
  • Economy
    • Economic Indicators
    • Articles
      • The Collapse of the Russian Rouble: An Historical Analysis and Current Implications
      • The Current State of the UK Economy
      • Economic Forecast for the UK in 2023
      • Economic News for 2022
      • Financial Crisis or Not?
      • Credit Suisse Bailout
  • Credit Insurers
    • Credit Insurers
    • Articles
      • Credit Insurance Legal Aspects
      • Credit Insurance in Trade Receivables Financing
      • The Benefits of Credit Insurance in Invoice Finance
      • Eligibility Requirements for Capital Relief by Using Credit Insurance
      • What are Export Credits and Country Risk Classifications?
      • How the War in Ukraine Affects the Price of Credit Insurance for Trade Finance
  • Associations
  • ESG
    • ESG Articles
    • ESG Resources
  • Crypto Finance
    • Ripple (XRP) Wins Latest Battle with SEC
    • UK Passes Financial Services and Markets Act 2023
    • Latest about the UK Regulatory Proposal for Crypto Assets
    • How will MiCA (Markets in Crypto Assets) Regulation Affect Trade Finance and the Banking System?
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    • Supply Chains and Blockchain Technology
    • The DeFi Revolution
    • How DeFi Fulfils the Functions of Finance
    • Taxonomy of Crypto Assets
    • Crypto Currencies
  • Interviews
    • Interview with Tradeshift
    • Interview with Kyriba
    • Interview with Orbian
    • Interview with Crossflow
    • Interview with Dancerace
    • Interview with BlackLine
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